初二上學期>>Unit 6 Find the right place
教學目標
1.知識目標
（1） New words and phrases:
place, twenty-first, bank, theatre, book shop, toilet, museum, front, in front of, left ,right, side, on the left/right side, all the same, need, ask for, along, road, turn, turning, metre（meter）, kilometer（kilometre）, had better（do）, coin, keep, as, moment, tell, street, next to, around
（2）日常交際用語：
Excuse me. Where’s…? Where’s the nearest hospital, please?
It’s next to …/in front of …/outside…/on the left/right side.
Thank you all the same.
You’d （had）better catch a bus.
Which bus do I take?
Go down this street.
（3）語法項目：表示需要：He needs some help.
詢問方向：Where is the nearest hospital, please?
指點方向：Go along this road ‘s only 100 meters along on the left.
（4）語音：/ei/ a ay /ai/i ie y / Ri/oi oy
2．能力目標：
（1）使學生掌握英語的問路和指點方向的交際用語並能夠在教師創設的情景中靈活運用。
（2）使學生能夠讀懂課文並能回答課後的問題，按照課文內容表演遊戲。
（3）使學生掌握相關表示方向的介詞短語，並能根據情景做口頭和筆頭練習。
（4）使學生能聽懂與課文難度相當的文章，並能迅速對聽力材料中的相關地點和方向路線做出判斷。
3．德育目標：
通過教學讓學生注意在日常生活中注意禮貌用語，樂於幫助別人。
通過學習，讓學生感受到在生活中受人幫助的欣慰和幫助別人的興奮之情，培養學生樂於助人的品質。
教學重點和難點：
詢問方向（asking for directions）指點方向（Giving direction）是本單元的重點和難點。
教學建議
教材分析
本單元的主要教學內容是問路，從第一課簡單的介紹某地在何處。到第二課如何問路和指路。到第四課的擴展練習。問路的相關用語由易到難，由簡單到複雜貫穿始終。教師應在教學過程循序漸進，注意打好基礎。本單元中第二十三課中還有一個小的遊戲，該遊戲主要是訓練學生閲讀理解能力，同時也能活躍課堂氣氛，使學生會在快樂中學習。
關於日常交際用語分析（詢問方向和指點方向）
問路一般包括四個方面的內容：（1）引起話題：Excuse me… (2) 詢問路在何方：How can I get to …？ （3）指路：Walk along / down… (4) 致謝：Thank you.
Excuse me, (but…) 通常用於以下幾種情景：
（1）引起別人注意。（2）請求讓路、躲開時。（3）向人問路或打聽消息時。（4）在席間或聚會上等離開一會兒時。（5）談話間或會間突然打噴嚏、咳嗽時。
詢問方向的表達法:
在向別人打聽情況、徵詢意見時，常用Excuse me；在向別人提出請求時，常用Could you…? 而不用Can you…? 更顯得禮貌。
（1）Excuse me，where’s the bus station?請問車站在哪?
（2）Excuse me，which is the way to the bus station?請問，哪一條是去車站的路?
（3）Excuse me，can you tell me the way to the bus station?請問，你能告訴我車站的路嗎?
（4）Excuse me, how can I get to the bus station?請問，我如何能到達車站?
（5）Excuse me, is there a bus station near here?請問附近有車站嗎?
指點方向的表達法：
如果別人向你問路，你熟悉這條路，你又該如何幫助別人呢?下面是幾種指點方問的表達法：
（1）Go along this street. 或Walk along this street. 沿這條街道走。
（2）Take the (second ) turning on the left / right.第（2）個十字路口左(右)轉。
（3）It’s about (four) kilometers away form here.離這大約(4)公里遠。
（4）The bus station is along that road on the right.車站是沿着那條路的右邊。
（5）It’s next to the police station. 它與警察局相鄰。
（6）It’s about ten kilometers away. 大約10公里遠。
（7）It’s quite far / near from here. 離這兒相當遠/近。
（8）It about (five) minutes’ walk form here.從這兒步行大約5分鐘。
注：別人向你問路，即使你不知道，你也要説：
I’m sorry I don’t know. 對方應回答道：Thank you all the same.
表示需要：need +名詞或need + to + v. ……
（1）He needs a number 2 bus. 他需乘2路車。
（2）You need to take a taxi. 你需要乘出租車。
關於口語的教學建議
本單元的教學活動主要是圍繞問路這一主題展開。而這個主題可為口語練習提供豐富的素材和場景，所以口語教學是本單元的重點。
（1）第20課是簡單的詢問方向。要求學生在熟練掌握表示方向的介詞用法的基礎上，利用圖片和媒體資料創設情景，進行口語練習。例如：教師在黑板上畫出一張簡易地圖，用各種的形狀的硬紙片上面寫上不同的地點，分別貼在公路兩側。如圖所示：
然後讓學生就內容進行對話練習。教師可以用頂針的手法連續進行快速提問，以鍛鍊學生的反應能力和句型熟練程度如：Where is the school? It is next to the hospital. Where is the hospital? It is in front of the factory. Where is the factory? It is behind the hotel. 然後，教師可以重新調整圖片的位置，讓學生再進行練習。
（2）在22課的對話教學中，教師在教學過程中可以先讓預習好的學生做表演，在表演的過程中，邊演邊總結問路的三種情況：第一種情況是指明路線。第二種情況是乘車的回答。第三種情況是不知路線的答覆。然後，再請學生進行替換詞練習。教師可以設計一個問路的情景，將學生分成三個大組，每個大組選擇上述一種情況。每個大組又以兩人為單位分成幾個小組，進行練習。每個大組選出一個練習情況好的小組代表本組進行角色表演。情景設計如下：Mike moves into new house. One day, her friend Lily want to see her. But she doesn’t know the way. What can she do? At this moment, a boy comes up to her. How does Mary ask the way?
（3）在24 課的口語練習中，學生可進一步加大練習的綜合性，使這個練習更貼近實際生活，給學生更多的發揮的空間。教師只提供地圖和要去的地點，要學生自己設計情景，編寫對話，教師出示問題where is B? How can I get to B from A? Where is C? How to get to C from B? How can I get to A from C?
下面是學生設計情景和對話：
Mary is going to the theater to see a concert. But she doesn’t know the way. So she ask a policeman.
Mary: Excuse me! I want to go to the theater. Where is the theater?
Police man: It is next to the factory, in front of the library.
Mary: Can you tell me the way to the theater?
Policeman: Walk along this road; turn left at the first turning. Go straight the street. The theater is on the left of the road. It is about three miles from here.
Mary: Thank you.
When the concert is over, Mary is tired; she wants to go home by bus she asks the police man again how to get to the bus station. But when she gets to bus station, it is too late, and there are no buses in it she has to ask the way three times to get home.（問路具體內容模仿本課第二十二課對話內容）
總之，教師在安排口語練習時應逐步的從簡單到複雜，由單項到綜合，由機械訓練到學生自由的表演。
有關聽力的教學建議
本單元的聽力教學難點在於如何聽懂指路人的指令，從而找到要去的地點。
教師可以在學生聽第一遍時，先找出出發點和目的地。然後，看一下地圖，迅速判斷一下應該怎樣走，並要求學生用英語講出自己設計的路線。然後在聽第二遍後，再按照材料的內容，在地圖上畫出相應的路線，並驗證與自己設計路線是否一致，這樣有助於分解聽力難度，幫助學生排除聽力障礙。
教師可以組織一個小遊戲以訓練學生聽清有關指令，在教室中擺幾個路牌如the Beijing zoo. the Beijing university 等。兩個學生分別向對方講述所要去的路線。看那個學生先找到要去的地點。教師可以拿表計時，當裁判。教師對先到達目標的同學進行獎勵。（注意學生需要按照對方所提供的路線到達目標）要求學生必需先聽完指令再開始行動。
有關單詞教學建議
本單元第一課表示地點和方向的單詞比較多。建議教師在設計練習時把表示方向的介詞和表示地點的名詞結合在一起練習，教師使用圖片教學，效果較佳。如：教師向學生出示一張銀行的圖片如課本page iv,，教師進行介紹This is a bank .然後將圖片貼在黑板上。教師出示一張書店的圖片如課本page iv, 教師進行介紹This is a shop.將圖片貼在銀行的前面。分別指着圖向大家介紹：The shop is in front of the bank.通過演示讓學生體會in front of 的含義。接着，教師在把商店的圖片換成博物館或廁所的圖片，引導學生説出the museum /the toilet is in front of the bank.隨後，教師可以將圖片交換位置，使學生能夠更加熟練的掌握介詞的用法。使用同樣的辦法可以講解其它單詞。
學法指導
本單元的話題是用英語問路。“詢問方向”（Asking for directions）及特點方向（Giving directions）。因此，可採用大量的操練來讓學生熟悉句型。同時重點掌握表示方位的介詞短語以及簡單的詢問方向、指點方向的方法，並達到實現交際的目的。
He needs some help.他需要一些幫助。
這裏，need作及物動詞是需要的意思。例如：I need your help。Need還可以後面接動詞不定式例如：I need to have a rest.（我需要休息）除此而外，need還可以做情態動詞。但只用於某些疑問句和否定句中。它的一般疑問句的回答方式往往用must 和needn’t來回答。例如：Need you leave so soon?
–Yes, I must. /No, I needn’t.
You’d better catch a bus. 你最好乘車去。
You’d better是you had better的縮寫形式，情態動詞，後面接動詞原形。其否定式為had better not to do。它常帶有威脅，告誡或催促的含義。例如：
It is very cold outside. You had better put on your sweater.（外面冷，你最好穿上毛衣）
The teacher is very angry. You had better not be late again.（老師生氣了，你最好不要再遲到）
catch a bus意為“乘車”、“趕車”，和take a bus意義接近，但不完全相同。take a bus指“乘坐”，和介詞短語“by bus”, “in a bus”差不多，它們都指方式，交通手段，和其他手段相區別，而catch a bus 指行動為爭取能趕上汽車。如：
You may go there by bus.（=You may take a bus there.）你們乘公共汽車卻那兒吧。
比較in front of 和in/at the front of 的不同。
in/at the front of是指在某一範圍內的前面。而in front of是指在某一範圍以外的前面。如圖：
例如：the car stops in the front of the gate,and the driver in front of car open the door of the door. 汽車停在大門前，車前座的司機把車門打開。
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.班裏的其他學生閉上眼睛。
keep+名詞/代詞+形容詞，表示使某人或某物保持某種狀態。此句型為主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語。例如：
We must keep our room clean and tidy.（我們必需保持屋子的乾淨和整潔）
同樣的例子還有：
Don’t call me little Tom.（不要再叫我小湯姆了。）
“keep +賓語+賓語補足語”結構
此結構的含義為“使（賓語）處於……（狀態）”。其中的“賓補”成分可以由很多結構充當。如形容詞、介詞短語、名詞（組）或動詞的-ing形式等。
“keep sb. / sth. +形容詞”結構，如在keep one’s eyes closed這一短語中，動詞keep表示“保持”，形容詞closed表示“閉着”。連起來可理解為“使眼睛閉着狀態”，即“閉着眼”。再如：
Keep the box open, please.請讓這個箱子開着。
This little girl always keeps her room nice and clean.這個小女孩總是使房間保持美觀整潔。
“keep sb. / sth. +介詞短語”也是一種常用結構，如：
Don’t come in, I must keep you outside the door.別進來，我得把你堵在門外面。
He kept his hands behind his back.他一直把手放在背後。
“keep sb. / sth. +動詞-ing”結構的用法，這個結構意為“讓某人或某物（長時間地）進行着某個動作”。如：
The teacher kept Bob standing for ten minutes.老師讓Bob站了十分鐘。
辨析along，down 和 up
作介詞時，它們均能表示“順着”，“沿着”，後面一般接表示河流，街道，道路的名詞。如：
Go down/along this road and take the first turning on the left.
沿着這條馬路走，在第一個拐彎處向左拐。
We often take a walk along/down/up the road.我們經常沿着這條路散步。
要注意的是：介詞“down”有時含有“在下游”的意思，介詞“up”則含有“在上游”的意思。如：
The house is 300 metres up/down the river.房子在這條河上游/下游300米處。
down含有離説話人而去的意思，介詞up則含朝説話人而來之意，along 不強調方向。試比較：
Who’s the man coming up/going down the road?沿着這條路走來/走去的那個人是誰？
另外，介詞up有向上之意，介詞down則有“往下”之意。如：
The cat is running up the tree.貓正往樹上爬去。
The dogs are running down the hill.狗正從山上跑下來。
這三個詞還可用作副詞，意為“向前”，如：
The farm is about 30 metres along.農場大約在前面30米遠處。
Please walk down. Don ' t come up.請往前走，別朝這兒來。
教學設計示例
Lesson 21
Period: The First period
Content: Lesson 21
Properties: Map, recorder.
Teaching Objectives: Show places on the map; ask for and give directions in the simplest way.
Language Focus:
in front of, next to, on the left/right side, Thank you all the same.
Teaching Procedures:
I. Organizing the class
Greeting and a duty report.
II. Revision
Revise the language focus in the last unit.
Ⅲ. Leading - in
1. Make conversations with several students, like
Teacher: Excuse me. Where’s the nearest …?
Excuse me. How far is ××× (an important place near school)?
Is there ××× near our school?
Students: Answer with the help of the teacher
Teacher: Thank you very much.
Thank you all the same.
2. (To students) Are you good at distinguishing directions? Are you always ready to help someone who can’t find his way?
Ⅳ. Practice
1. Look at the picture in the book and ask students to work in pairs to practise showing places, using prepositional phrases like “next to, in front of, behind, outside and on the left/right side”
eg. There’s a school next to the supermarket. In front of/behind the school, there’s a market.
2. Call 3 pairs to say out their dialogues.
V. Teaching dialogues
1. Show students some maps and ask them for directions, using the patterns in the book.
Excuse me. Where’s the nearest ×××?
2. Listen to the tape.
3. Read the dialogue in the book
4. Game: Which place is it?
(With the help of a map, on which some places are marked).
One student describes the location, asks other students to guess the place.
Ⅵ. Consolidation
Go over the lesson.
Ⅶ. Exercises in class
Fill in the blanks
1. There’s a cinema next ____ the shop.
2. ____ the left side of the room, there’s a desk.
3. －I’m sorry I can’t help you. －_____________.
4. Please come to the front and stand ____________ the class.
Key: to, on, Thank you all the same, in front of.
Complete the dialogue
A: ________ _______, where is the nearest police station, please?
B: I’m _______, I don’t know. Please ________ that man.
A: Thank you _______ ________ _______. Excuse me, where is the police station, please?
C: _______ over there, next ________ the post office.
A: Thank you ________ _______.
C: Not ________ _______.
Key: Excuse me, sorry, ask, all the same, It’s, to, very much, at all.
Ⅷ. Homework
Make 2 dialogues asking for directions (draw maps).
Ⅸ. The design of the blackboard
Lesson 21
Where’s …?
It’s next to the …/in front of the … /behind the … /outside the…/ on the left/ right side.
教學設計示例
Lesson 22
Teaching Objectives: Dialogues of asking for and giving directions.
Properties: Tape recorder, Map, Overhead projector
Language Focus:
Asking for directions: Is there a bank near here?
Where’s the nearest hospital, please?
Giving directions: Go along this road.
Take the first turning on the right.
It’s about a hundred metres along on the left.
It’s about 6 kilometers along.
Expressing needs: He needs some help.
You take a number 16 bus.
which number do I take?
You’d better (not) ask sb. for sth.
Teaching Procedures:
I. Organizing the class
Greetings and a presentation.
II. Revision
Revise the ways of asking for and giving directions in a simple way.
III. Leading - in
The teacher asks several students the directions to some places near school, using different ways of asking for directions. Ask sb to give directions.
Excuse me. Where’s the people’s Hospital?
Could you tell me the way to Beijing zoo, please?
Excuse me, which is the way to Purple Bamboo Park?
Is there a Macdonald’s near here?
VI. Practice
1. Show ways of asking for and giving directions on a flashcard.
2. Groupwork: Sb work in groups to ask for and give directions.
3. Act out
X. Listen and read
1. Listen and read through the dialogues.
2. Get students to practise the dialogues in the book.
3. Use a map to ask students to practise asking for and giving directions.
XI. Exercises in class
1. A: Excuse me. Which is the____ to East Park, please?
B: Let me see. Er, walk ____ this road and ____ right. Go ____ until you____ the end. You’ll find the park in front of you.
2. A: Excuse me. Can you give me ____ to the post office, please?
B: Sure. Go ____ this street and ____ right. Then you’ll see a tall building. That’s the ____, and it s between the zoo ____ the fruit shop. You can’t ____ it.
A: Is it ____ from here?
B: No, it s quite near. It’ll only ____ you about 10 minutes if you walk there.
A: Thanks a lot.
B: You’re welcome.
3. Rewrite the sentences as required.
(1)Walk along this road. (1 - 5 同義句)
______ ______ this road.
(2)Take the fifth turning on the left.
_______ left _______ the fifth turning.
(3) I can get to the zoo by bus.
I can ______ a bus ______ the zoo.
(4) My father is going to Beijing by air tomorrow.
My father _______ _______ to Beijing tomorrow.
(5) She needn’t clean the room every day.
She _______ _______ to clean the room every day.
(6)The park is about 6 kilometres away. (對畫線部分提問)
______ ______ is the park?
(7)You will take a No.6 bus. (同上)
______ ______ shall I ______?
(8) Mr. zhang needs some help. (改一般疑問句)
______ Mr. zhang ______ ______ help?
Key:
1. way, along/down, turn, on, reach
2. directions, along/down, turn, post office, and, miss, far, take.
3.(1) Go along (2) Turn, at (3) take, to@ will fly (5) doesn't have (6) How far (7) Which bus, take (8) Does, need any
XII. Homework
Make a dialogue asking for and giving directions.
XIII. The design of the blackboard
Lesson 22
know the way take the …turning
need some help a hundred metres along… away
ask …for help
教學設計示例
Lesson 23
教學目標：
1．使同學熟練掌握本課表示地點的介詞詞組和重點詞彙。
2．使同學掌握本課閲讀材料的內容，並能模仿課文表演遊戲。
教具：Picture, recorder and coin
教學過程：
Step 1Revision
(1) Dictation
(2) 學生表演問路對話。情景：老奶奶第一次進城找不到兒子的家。她該怎麼辦？學生可以準備一根枴杖和一條毛巾辦成老奶奶的樣子。學生參照第22課的問路修改：
Granny故做四周環視狀。
The boy: Hello, granny. Can I give you some help?
Granny: I want to go to the bus stop. I want to go to see my son. But I don’t know the way.
The boy: Don’t worry! granny. I can help you. I know the city well. Where is the address?
Granny: I lost it. I just remember there is a post office behind the apartment.
The boy: Oh. The post office is not near from here. You can catch the number3 bus. Go along this road, turn right at the second corner and then you will see the bus stop. The bus will take you to the post office. The apartment is behind it.
Granny: It is very kind of you.
The boy: It is my pleasure. Bye bye.
Step 2 Leading-in
1. Ask students to raise their hands.
Those sit in the front/middle/back rows.
Those sit on the left/in the middle/on the right.
2. Ask 3 students to express their positions in class/with the teacher’s help, if necessary.
eg. I sit in the front row, on the left, between ×× and ×××.
s game: Who’s my best friend?
A student talks about the position of his/her best friend and asks others to guess the friend’s name.
Step 3 Presentation
Part 1 Ask and answer
(1) 教師通過圖片向學生介紹相關介詞短語的用法。並進行操練。
(2) Read out the dialogue.
(3) 創設情景：教師可以提前在教室裏準備一些表示地點的卡片。如動物園，天安門，北海等，標上英文名字。放在教室的不同方向，組織學生練習如：
Where is the Beijing zoo?
It is in the front row. Is the Bei Hai Park on the left of the zoo? Yes, it is.
Part 2 Reading: Who has the coin?
1.默讀課文判斷正誤
The teacher gives everyone of the students a coin.
The students like the game very much.
2. Call 6 students to the front of the class and give them instructions as the text says, and give the other students instructions.
3. Ask the students who are sitting to guess where the coin is, using questions, like:
Is it in your right/left hand?
4. (Books open) Ask students to go over the text silently and prepare to answer the comprehension questions.
5. The teacher asks sb to answer comprehension questions in the book.
閲讀全文。並找出生詞和不懂的地方。教師向學生講解重點詞彙和句字。
Step 4 Practice
教師組織學生分組在班上進行這個遊戲，看那一組表演的完全按照是書上的介紹。對錶現出色的組進行表揚。
Step5 Summary.
學生自己總結本課的重點詞語。
Exercises in class
Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
One day, in the English class. Miss Dong asked 6 students to stand ____ the front of the class and put their hands ____ their backs. The students pass the coin given by the teacher ____ one ____ another. The other students keep their eyes ____ and guess who ____ the coin.
Key: in, behind, from, to, closed, has.
Choose the right answer.
( )l. Tom, just do it ______ your teacher tells you.
A. like B. as C. because D. when
( )2. Where ______ your best friend sit?
A. is B. do C. are D. does
( )3. Let’s play a game. First you must keep your eyes______, then _____ them.
A. close, open B. closed, opened C. close, opened D. closed, open
( )4. Where ______ the boy _____now?
A. is…stand B. is … standing C. does…stand D. does … standing
( )5. The coin goes from one to ______.
A. the other B. other C. others D. another
( )6. Could you pass the orange ______ me?
A. to B. at C. in D. from
( )7. You mustn’t ______ your books now.
A. looks at B. look at C. see D. look
( )8. Can you guess who ______ the coin?
A. does have B. does has C. is have D. has
( )9. Betty tells Katy ______ the ball.
A. catch B hes C. catching D catch
( )10. Who sits next to ______?
A. us B. we C. our D. ours
Answers: l. B 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. D 10.A
Homework
the words and the phrase.
2.讓學生編寫一個關於問路短劇
The design of the blackboard
Lesson 23
Where do you sit?
Who has the coin?
教學設計示例
Lesson 24教學設計方案
Teaching Objectives:
Develop the four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing, and revise the whole unit.
Properties: Tape recorder Overhead projector.
Language Focus:
Teaching Procedures:
I. Organizing the class
Greetings and a presentation.
II. Listening
1. Ex. 1. 2. Read after the tape and make rules of pronunciation, stress and intonation.
2. Ex. 3. Listening practice.
(1) Listen for the first time and catch the main idea.
(2) Listen for the second time and finish the exercise of putting in the missing words.
(3) Check the answer.
Ⅲ. Speaking
1. Map puzzles: read the maps on page iv and answer the questions in the book.
2. Pairwork: solve puzzles in the text in pairs.
3. Act out.
IV. Reading
1. (With books closed) Listen and repeat.
2. Read after the tape.
V. Writing
1. Read the passage in Ex. 6.
2. Make the possible dialogue.
3. Focus: find it +adj. +to do. eg. Vivi finds it exciting to be a model.
Ⅵ. Go over the checkpoint of Unit 6
Ⅶ. Exercises in class
Translation.
1. 你最好卧牀休息三天。
2. 請保持食品清潔。
3. 我們最好別告訴他這件事。
4. 不要向你媽媽要太多的零花錢。
Key:
1. You’d better stay in bed for 3 days.
2. Please keep the food clean.
3. We’d better not tell him about it.
4. Don’t ask your mother for too much pocket money.
Complete the dialogue according to the map.
H: Blue sky Hotel B: bank C: supermarket
假設你在A處，一位外國朋友問你到藍天賓館如何走，請你根據地圖所示，完成下列對話。
F: Excuse me, could you tell me ______?
C: Sure ______. Take ______. ______. They you’ll see the hotel. It’s ______.
F: Oh, it’s very ______. Which bus ______?
C: No. 9 bus. The bus stop is over there.
F: Thank you very much.
C: ______. Bye-bye.
Answers: the way to the Blue Sky Hotel; Go along Huanghai Street; the second turning on the right; Then go along East Road and take the second turning on the left; between the bank and the supermarket; far; shall I take; That's all right/You’re welcome.
Ⅷ. Homework
1. Make a dialogue between Mr. Yang and a policeman.
2. Revise the whole unit.
Ⅸ. The design of the blackboard
Lesson 24
Are you good at reading maps?
How can I get to the bus station?
First left and second right
