高三unit 6 Mainly revision重点词语

单元目标要求

1．重点词汇、短语、句型结构

1）waste(v . , n. ), pipe(v. , n. ), escape, unsold

2）throw away , break up, break down, depend on, at the bottom of, at one time, make laws, be active in, make an effort, do a drawing

3）No matter how(what, who…)…（让步状语从句）

It will be years before +从句．

2．课文掌握程度

1）复习Until-5重点难点。

2）能复述阅读课文。

3．重点语法

1）Revision of Tenses

2）Word Formation

3）Revision of Past Participle, the V- ing Form and Noun Claues.

4．口语交际

Likes and dislikes

5．写作要求

Rewrite the story in different persons.

常用句型结构

1．It looks as if/as though +clause结构中look是连系动词，意为看起来，似乎，后面的从句中谓语多用直陈语气，有时也可用虚拟语气。如：

①It looks as if they are all in a terrible hurry. 看上去他们极为匆忙。

②It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨。

③It looks as though we shall have to do the work ourselves.

看来我们只得亲自做这工作。

④It looks as if he didn't know anything about the secret.

看来他对这个秘密一无所知。

▲sb. ＋look as if/as though＋clause意为某人看上去，似乎……，后面的从句谓语多用虚拟语气，也可以用直陈语气。如：

①He looked as though he were from the country.

他看上去似乎来自农村。（事实上他并非来自农村）

②You look as if you didn't care. 你似乎并不在乎。（实际上你很在乎）

▲look（link-v. ）后面除接as if/as though从句外，还常接形容词、分词、名词、介词短语等作表语。如：

①He was not a very big man, but he looked strong.

他身材并不高大，但看上去很健壮。

②He looked startled when his nephew came in.

当他外甥进来时，他看上去大吃一惊。

③He looked a perfect fool. 他看上去是个大傻瓜。

④You looked in splendid health. 你看上去健康状况极佳。

⑤She looked to be a young woman of twenty. 她看上去有二十来岁。

⑥The weather does not look like clearing up. 天气看来不会晴朗。

2．sb./sth. ＋not +adj. /adv. ＋enough +动词不定式结构意为某人、某物不够……，（以致）不能……。如：

①The boy is not old enough to go to school. (＝ The boy is too young to go to school. )小男孩未到上学年龄。

②She didn't run fast enough to catch up with you. (=She ran too slowly to catch up with you. )她跑得不够快，赶不上你。

③The coat is not large enough for you to wear. (=The coat is too small for you to wear. )外套太小，你穿不上。

▲如果这个结构中去掉not，则成了sb. /sth. +adj. /adv. ＋enough +动词不定式，意为某人、某物足以……，（以致）能……。如：

①We were fortunate enough to get an empty car.

我们很幸运地租到一辆空车。

②I stayed long enough to make certain that the house was absolutely empty.

我呆得很久，以致能肯定那房子是空的。

3．It＋seems＋ that-clause结构表示判断或猜测，意为看来（着重在从实际情况看来）。如：

①It seems that nobody knew what had happened.

看来没有人知道发生了什么事。

②It seems (that) he was late for the train. 看来他误了火车。

③It seemed to him that he had never worked so hard in his life.

他觉得自己一生中从未如此努力工作。

④It would seem (=It seems) that something is wrong. 看上去似乎有点毛病。

⑤It seemed that life for her was rather hard. 看来她当时生活很艰难。

It +seems +as if/as though +clause结构和刚刚论述的结构意义和用法差不多。如：

①It seems as if there will be an election soon. 看来不久将进行选举。

②It seems as if we shall have to walk home. 看来我们得步行回家。

③It seems as if you are the first one here. 看来你似乎是第一个来客。

▲seem（link-v. ）后面除接that-clause或as if（as though）-clause外，还常接形容词、分词、名词、介词短语等作表语。如：

①She does not seem likely to get it from you.

她似乎不可能从你这儿得到它。

②She always seemed well pleased, happy and contented.

她看来总是高兴、幸福和满足。

③This seems to me a glorious life.

我觉得这看来是光荣的一生。

④You seem in high spirits, Mary. 你看上去情绪很高，玛丽。

4．词组no matter意为不管、无论，后面常跟who，what，when，where，how等连用，相当于whoever，whatever，whenever，wherever，however等，引出让步状语从句。如：

①No matter who knocks, don't open the door. (=Whoever knocks, don't open the door. ）不论谁敲门，你都不要开。

②No matter what happened, he would not say a word.(=Whatever happened, he would not say a word.)不论发生什么事，他都将保持沉默。

③No matter where you go, I'll go with you. (=Wherever you go, I'll go with you. ) 不管你上那儿，我都跟你去。

④No matter how loudly he shouted, he wouldn't be heard.(=However loudly he shouted, he wouldn't be heard.)无论他如何大声叫嚷，都不能使别人听见。

5．部分介词的省略结构

介词的省略是英语中一种常见现象，它有助于使句子简洁紧凑。介词省略有以下几种情况：

1）表示时间延续的介词for常常省略。例如：

①We stayed there (for) three days.

我们在那里呆了三天。

②They have lived here (for) ten years.

他们已在这儿居住了十年了。

▲但在否定句或位于句首表示强调时，for一般不省略。例如：

③I have not heard from my brother for a year.

我有一年没有收到哥哥的来信了。

④For some days he stayed in his cave, behind the wall. 有好几天他呆在洞里，呆在围墙后面。

2）表示年、月、日或星期之前的介词有时可以省去或用逗号代替。例如：

①The teaching building was built (in) 1980.

教学楼建于1980年。

②My first book was published (in) April 1990.

我的第一本书1990年4月出版。

③Mr Smith arrived in Beijing (on) May 4, 1985.

史密斯先生1985年5月4日到达北京。

④We'll pay a visit to our teacher (on) Sunday.

星期天我们去看望老师。

3）表示某一特定时间的名词短语前的介词可以省略。例如：

①We visited the exhibition the day before yesterday. 我们前天参观了博物馆。

②He came back on May 5 and the following day he got injured.

他5月5日回来，第二天就受了伤。

4）表示时间的名词短语前若有表示“大约”的about/around时，前面的介词往往省略。例如：

①They started (at) about six o'clock. 他们大约6点钟开始。

②The lecture lasted (for) around two hours.

讲座进行了大约两个小时。

5）表示距离或延伸的名词短语前的介词for可以省略。例如：

①He walked (for) a mile and then ran (for) a mile.

他走了一英里，接着有跑了一英里。

②This road stretches northwards (for) hundreds of kilometres.

这条路向北延伸数百英里。

6）表示方式的名词短语前的介词有时可以省略。例如：

①He sent the letter (by) airmail.

他航空邮寄了这封信。

②They play cards (in) a different way.

他们以不同的方式玩扑克。

③They cook (in) the French style.

他们以法国风格烹调。

7）疑问形容词what之前的介词常常省略。例如：

① (Of) What size is your shirt?

你的衬衫时是多大号的？

② (On) What day did you get there?

你是哪天到达那儿的？

③ (Of) What colour is it? 这是什么颜色？

8）当介词 of与age，size，colour，height，shape等搭配时，往往省略of。例如：

①They had a daughter(of) my age.

他们有个女儿与我同岁。

②This building is (of) the same shape as that one.

这座建筑物与那座建筑物形状相同。

③The chimneys are (of) the same height.

这些烟囱的高度是相同的。

【注意】在 at the age of…结构中，the和of往往同时省略；在have no idea结构之后，of习惯上通常省略。例如：

①He went to school at (the) age (of) seven. 他七岁开始上学。

②You have no idea (of) how grateful I am for all you've done.

你不知道我多么感激你为我们做的一切。

9） 由wh-words（包括：whether，what，which，who，whom，whose，when，where，why，how等）引导的从句或不定式短语之前的介词常常省略。例如：

①He is in doubt (about) whether to go or not.

他不知道是走还是留。

②I have no idea (of) whose house this is.

我不知道这是谁的房子。

③The question (of) where the library is to be built remains undecided.

图书馆建在哪里的问题仍未确定。

④He was at a loss (of) how to answer the question.

他茫然不知道如何回答这个问题。

10）动词-ing形式及其短语前的介词常常省略。例如：

①She spends a lot of time (in) reading English every day.

她每天花费大量时间读英语。

②Nothing can prevent us (from) going to the concert.

没有什么能够阻止我们去参加音乐会。

③I have some trouble (in) pronouncing this sound.

我发这个音有些困难。

④We had no difficulty (in) finding the house.

我们没费劲就找到了这座房子。

⑤There's no use(in) arguing any more with him.

再与他争论也没用。

⑥They took turns (at) taking care of their sick child.

他们轮流照料他们生病的孩子。

⑦They are very busy (in) making preparations for the English evening.

他们在忙于为英语晚会作准备。

⑧You did a great job (in) publishing his books.

你因出他的书而做了件大好事。

⑨Mr Green is engaged (in) compiling the textbook.

格林先生从事教科书的编写工作。

11）在near to，nearest to等结构中，to有时可以省略。例如：

①The manager himself shifted my bed nearer (to) the window.

经理自己把我的床移近窗口。

重点词语用法

1．waste的用法

1）adj．荒芜的，无法利用的 waste land荒地

adj．无用的，抛弃的，废弃的

waste-paper-basket字纸篓，waste products废物

2）waste[U] n．废物，浪费。例如：

①With the development of modern agriculture and industry more and more waste is produced.

随着现代工农业发展，越来越多的废物产生了。

②There's too much waste in this house. 这一家人太浪费了。

▲waste还可用于下面结构中。

It's a waste of time/money/speech. 例如：

①It's a waste of time to wait any longer.

再等下去是白费时间。

②It's a waste of your speech talking to him.

跟他讲话白费唇舌。

3）waste vt．浪费。例如：

①We mustn't waste a drop of water or a grain of rice.

一滴水一粒米我们都不应当浪费。

②All his efforts were wasted. 他全部努力都白费了。

▲waste作动词，可用于下列结构：

waste sth . on(doing) sth . 在某事上浪费。

waste time (in) doing浪费时间做某事。例如：

①He wasted much of his time and money on playing cards.

打牌浪费了他的大量时间和金钱。

②Don't waste time talking to him, he won't change his plan.

别浪费时间跟他讲了，他不会改变计划的。

2．escape的用法

1）n．逃跑，逃脱；消遣，消遣物。例如：

①The thief jumped into a car and made his escape.

小偷跳进一辆汽车，逃之夭夭。

②He reads adventure stories as an escape.

他看冒险小说作为消遣。

2）v．逃跑，逃脱；漏出，逸出。常和from连用。例如：

①They escaped from the burning house.

他们从燃烧的屋中逃出来。

②Some gas is escaping from the pipe. 煤气正从管道逸出。

▲当escape表示“逃避，避免”解时，后面要接 V-ing形式。例如：

①He narrowly escaped being drowned. 他差一点被淹死了。

3．party的用法

party（n．）除表示“党”，“娱乐性的聚会，晚会”外，还作“（进行某活动的）一伙人”解（ =a group of people doing something together），a party of＋n．意为一伙……。如：

①We must follow the party line. 我们应遵循党的路线。

②That is why I am giving this party tonight.

这就是我今晚举行宴会的原因。

③ A party of school children is going to France. 一群学生正前往法国。

④Half-way up the mountain we met another party of people climbing down.

上山的中途我们遇见另一群正在下山的人。

⑤ A rescue party has been sent out to bring back the injured workers.

已经派出一支营救队去把受伤的工人接回来。

⑥There are twenty in all in the party travelling in Nanjing.

在南京的旅游团总共有20人。

4．gather['g$J+]的用法

gather既可用作及物动词，意为“使聚集”（＝cause to come together）；“采集（花等）”（=pick[flowers，etc.]）；“收（庄稼等）”；也可用作不及物动词，意为“聚集，集合”（＝come together）。例如：

①The teacher gathered the students around him.

老师将学生聚集在他周围。

②We are gathering materials to get ready for an article.

我们在为写文章搜集材料。

③They are gathering flowers in the garden. 他们在花园里采花。

④We usually help the peasants to gather the rice.

我们通常帮助农民收水稻。

⑤Many people gathered to listen to the speech.

有很多人聚拢来听报告。

5．stop[st&p]的用法

stop意为“制止，防止，阻止，妨碍”。例如：

①We must stop the disease (from) spreading.

我们一定要防止疾病蔓延。（from也可省略）

②I had to think of a way stopping him from following me around all the morning.

我得想办法阻止他缠我整整一上午。

③This stopped the development of their own industries.

这妨碍了他们自己工业的发展。

【注意】类似 stop sb./sth. from doing sth. 结构的有： prevent sb. /sth. from doing sth. （这其中的from常可省略，但在被动句中则决不能省略。）；keep sb./sth. from doing sth. （其中的 from不可省略，否则一省略，意思正相反）。

例如：

①There's nothing that prevents you (from) going to bed if you want to.

如果你想去睡觉，没有什么事会不让你去（或你尽管睡去）。（句中from可省略，意思不变）

②The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match.

大雨没能阻止他们看足球赛。

③The heavy rain didn't keep them watching the football match.

大雨使得他们不能继续看足球赛。

④Hearing the words, he couldn't keep from laughing.

听了这话，他不由得笑了起来。

6．reuse的用法

reuse意为“再利用”，其中前缀re-表示“再”（=again）。

【注意】与use有关的一些用法。例如：

①We should reuse the waste paper in order to save a lot of money.

为了节省大量资金，我们应该再利用废纸。

②Retell the story in your own words. 用你自己的话重讲这个故事。

③The waste water can be recycled. 废水可以再循环使用。

④He used to get up very early. 他过去常常早起。

⑤We have already been used to the country life.

我们已经习惯于农村的生活。

⑥You will soon get used to living in the countryside.

你会很快习惯于在农村居住。

⑦Use your head, then you will have a good idea.

动动脑筋，你会有好主意的。

⑧It's useful for us to get some information about the computer.

获取一些有关电脑方面的信息是有用的。

⑨It's no use crying over split milk.

牛奶泼地，哭也无益。

7．seek的用法

seek[si:k]意为“企图，试图”（＝to try；to make an attempt）。例如：

①We've never sought to hide our views.

我们从来不想隐瞒自己的观点。

②They are seeking to attain the most advanced technological levels in the world.

他们正设法达到世界最先进的技术水平。

③It was no use seeking to persuade him to give up smoking.

企图说服他戒烟是没用的。

④We sought to change his mind but we failed.

我们试图改变他的看法，但我们失败了。

【注意】 seek还可以表示“征求，寻求，谋求，追求”。例如：

①Most men seek wealth; all men seek happiness.

多数人谋求财富，所有的人都谋求幸福。

②Our purpose was to seek friendship and cooperation.

我们的目的是寻求友谊和合作。

③You should seek advice from your parents on this problem.

在这个问题上你应该征求你父母的建议。

④He who seeks trouble never misses.

自找麻烦，肯定会碰到麻烦。（谚语）

8．without的用法

without[wi'Jaut] 后跟-ing的被动式，作方式状语，表示“未经／被……”的意思。例如：

①He left the classroom without being permitted.

他未经许可就离开教室。

②She walked away from home on a dark night without being seen.

她在黑暗中离家出走，没有被人看见。

③He was lucky; he escaped from the burning house without being injured.

他真幸运，他从着火的房子里逃了出来，没有受伤

1．break down的用法

break down意为“分解”。例如：

①It is not easy to break down plastics and other similar rubbish.

塑料和其他类似垃圾不容易分解。

②Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.

糖和淀粉在胃中被分解。

③Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. 水可以分解成氢和氧。

▲break down 意为“坏了”。例如：

①When the pumps the broke down, they would repair them for us.

水泵坏了，他们就帮我们修。

②Their equipment frequently broke down.

他们的设备经常坏。

2．break up的用法

break up意为“驱散”（=scatter），“打碎、拆散”（=separate or become separated into parts by breaking）。例如：

①The police came and broke up the meeting.

警察来了并驱散了这个会议。

② The meeting broke up in great confusion.

会议在一片混乱中散会。

③The ship was breaking up on the rock.

船在礁石上撞毁了。

④Where the soil becomes too hard , we break it up.

在土壤过硬的地方，我们就反它打碎。

⑤Sentences can be broken up into clauses, and clauses into phrases.

句子可以分成从句，从句有可分成短语。

3．clean up/clear up/tidy up (=put in order; make clean or tidy)意为：“清理；整理”。例如：

①You should always clean up after a picnic.

野餐后你一要收拾干净。

②He cleared up his room before they arrived.

在他们来之前，他先把房子整理一下。

③Clear/Tidy up the desk before you leave the office, will you?

离开办公室之前，把办公桌整理一下好吗？

④I have to tidy myself up a bit. 我得梳理一下。

4．compared to 的用法

compared to 意为“和……比起来；与……相比”解。例如：

①VCD production this year increased by 50% compared to the last year.

和去年相比，今年VCD的产量提高了50%。

②Compared to 1997, the price of the computer has been reduced by 50%.

和1997年相比电脑的价格降低了50%。

③Compared to many other students, he was lucky enough.

和许多其他学生相比，他是够幸运的了。

④It is a big place now compared to what it used to be.

和过去比起来，它现在是一个大地方了。

5．get rid of的用法

get rid of意为“排除、摆脱、处理掉”。例如：

①We must get rid of the bad habits. 我们必须去掉坏习惯。

②We must get rid of all our worries and have a good rest.

我们必须排除一切烦恼，好好休息一下。

③How can I get rid of my toothache?

我怎样才能治好牙痛呢？

④They asked us to get rid of these old cars.

他们要求我们把这些旧车处理掉。

⑤He is always troubling me. How can I get rid of him?

他总是给我找麻烦，我怎样才能摆脱他呢？

⑥We'd better get rid of these old books and newspapers.

我们最好把这些旧书籍和报纸处理掉。

6．take up的用法

take up意为“对……有兴趣，从事（某事）（作为嗜好、事业等）”（＝interest oneself in; engage in sth. [as a hobby. business etc.]）。例如：

①His father takes up computers.

他爸爸从事电脑工作。

②They seem to be very much taken up with stamps.

他们似乎对邮票很感兴趣。

7．deal with的用法

deal with意为“处理”。deal的过去式和过去分词都是dealt。例如：

① I don't know how to deal with the problem.

我们不知道如何处理这个问题。

②At the beginning of this term, we'll have many difficulties to deal with.

这学期开始我们将有许多难题要解决。

③That matter needs to be dealt with. 那件事需要处理了。

▲deal with还可以作“对待；对付”解。例如：

④The old lady is hard to deal with. 那个老太太很难对付。

⑤What is the best way of dealing with the cruel enemy?

对付残忍的敌人最好的办法是什么？

【注意】deal with 还可以作“论述或谈论（某问题）”解。例如：

①This book deals with problems of pollution.

这本书论述污染问题。

②He made a speech at the conference, dealing with folk music.

他在大会上做了一次演讲，谈民间音乐。

8．no matter的用法

no matter意为“不管；无论”，常与疑问词 who，what，when，where，how等连用，引导让步状语从句。例如：

①No matter how late he goes to bed, he always gets up early.

不管睡的多晚，他总是起得很早。

②No matter who attend the conference, I'd like to stay at home.

不管是谁参加会议，我都要呆在家里。

③No matter what you say, I won't believe you.

不管你说什么，我都不不相信你。

④No matter how hard she worked, she couldn't satisfy her teacher.

不管她学习多么刻苦，她总是不能使老师满意。

⑤No matter where you go, you must work hard.

不管你上哪儿，都要努力工作。

9．be against的用法

be against意为“反对；违背”（＝be in opposition to）。例如：

①He was strongly against slavery.

他极力反对奴隶制。

②Anyone who is against the plan raise your hand.

任何反对这个计划的人，请举手。

③It's against our school rules for the girl students to wear necklace.

女生戴项链是违反我校校规的。

④Mary got married to Tom. It was against her parent's wishes.

玛丽与汤姆结婚了，这是违背她父母愿望的。

⑤It is against your promise to go on smoking.

你继续抽烟是违背你的诺言的。

【注意】be for意为“赞成”（=to support，to say yes to）。例如：

①Are you for the proposal or against it?

你是赞成这个建议还是反对它？

②The young people were strongly against the old teaching methods.

年轻人极力反对旧的教学方法。

③Is he for giving up the plan for travelling?

他赞成放弃这个旅行计划吗？

10．depend on的用法

depend on意为“依靠”（＝rely on）。例如：

①The price of the computer depends on the quality.

电脑的价格依靠质量而定。

②Whether he can go to attend the meeting or not depends on the weather.

他是否能参加这次会议要依靠天气情况而定。

③Their success depends on their continuing effort.

他们的成功依赖于他们不懈的努力。

语法基础知识

Word Formation

英语主要有三种构词法：

1．转化（conversion）是由一个词类转化为另一词类，拼写不变。

1）v．→n．动词转化名词，意思变化不大。

have a try试一试

go for a walk去散步

have a look看一看

2）v．→n．动词转化名词，意思有一定的变化。

equal say平等的发言权

The two games were draws. 两场比赛打成平局。

3）n．→v．名词转化动词。

book the ticket定票 chair the meeting主持会议

seat 1000 people能坐一千人

4）adj．→v．形容词转化动词。

The train slowed down. 火车减速了。

The sun can warm up the soil. 太阳可使土地暧和起来。

5）v．→n．动词转化成名词后重音发生变化。动词重音在前，名词重音在后。

export [eks'p&:t] v．出口　　　　　　 ['eksp&:t]n．出口

import[im'p&:t]v．进口　　　　　　　　 ['imp&:t] n．进口

increase[in'kri:s] v．增加　　　　　　　 ['inkri:s]n．增加

2．派生（Derivation）通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词。

1）前缀

①反义词前缀：un-，dis-，in-，im-，ir-，it-，non-

②其他意思前缀： re-重新； co-共同；anti-反对 ；over-过于；pre-预先；post-在……之后；fore-前；self-自动的，自我的；semi-半；vice-副；bi-双；tri-三。

③动词构成前缀：en-（endanger）

④a-构成形容词（asleep）

2）后缀

①名词：-er，-or，-ess，-ian，-ness，-tion，-ment，-ing，-ship，-ity，-ance，-ence等。

②形容词：-ful，-less，-ish，-ous，-able，-ly，-y，-some

③动词：-ize，-en，-ify

④副词：-ly，-ward，-wise

⑤数词：-teen，-ty，-th

3．合成（Compounding）由两个或更多的词合成一个词。

①形容词：good-looking好看的；peace-loving热爱和平的；well-known著名的；new-born新生的。

②名同：silkworm蚕；shorthand速记；waiting-room候车室；sleeping-pills安眠药。

③动词：overthrow推翻；white-wash粉刷。

④副词：maybe或许；whoever不管是谁；whole-heartedly全心全意地。